CHYDENANTHUS MIERS (LECYTHIDACEAE): A CORRECTION

In my article on the genus ChydenmUhus Miers in Reinwardtia 10 (1) : 28, 1982, I stated that "the genus, like Barringtouia and Abdid-majidia, has one- seeded fruit". This statement is partially wrong. Abdulmajidla fruit has 2-5 seeds, the main reason that the genus was established (Kochumen in Hit

CHYDENANTHUS MIERS (LECYTHIDACEAE)

Chydenanthus is accepted as a monotypic genus and its type species C. excelsus (Bl.) Miers is redescribed. C. dentato-serratus R. Knuth belongs to Barringtonia and is thus excluded from the genus

CHECKLIST OF PLANT SPECIES ON THE PEUCANG ISLAND (UJUNG KULON NATURE RESERVE, WEST JAVA)

The Peucang Island is situated just off westernmost tip of West Java and is a portion of the Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve.It covers a total area of 450 hectares,comprising the level land and a ridge in the central portion with the highest point of about 30 m above sea level.Geologically this island is composed of Tertiary materials and alluvial materials on southern and eastern coastal areas (Verbeek and Fennema 1896).From the southeastern shore towards the hills, there are three types of soil, i.e. the sandy regosols, the tuffaceous over sandy regosols and the latosolized tuffaceous regosols over podsolized grumusols (Soerianegara 1969)

A NOTE ON A KERANGAS (HEATH) FOREST AT SEBULU, EAST KALIMANTAN*)

Kerangas (heath) forest, that forms islands within the lowland dipterocarp forest, occurred at Sebulu, East Kalimantan. Part of the two of the islands and the transition area between them were investigated. Phytosociologically three communities could be identified, i.e. the Cratoxylum glaucum-Dactylocladus stenostachys, Eugenia palembanica-Ilex hypoglauca, and Shorea ovalis-Eugenia acuminatissima communities. They occurred on sandstone flat, sandstone slope and swampy depression respectively. Only Cratoxylum glaucum-Dactylocladus stenostachys community can be considered kerangas forest proper, whereas the Eugenia palembanica-Ilex hypoglauca community the transition and the Shorea ovalis-Eugenia acuminatissima community a variant of the lowland dipterocarp forest. The soils under these communities were peaty, very acid and low in nutrient contents. The economic value of kerangas forest in terms of timber is very low, hence, it would be better to preserve all kerangas forest as conservation areas and utilize them for research, educational and recreational purposes

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PLANCHONIA BREVISTIPITATA KUSW. (LECYTHIDACEAE)

Planchonia brevistipitata Kusw. is re-described and Barringtonia belagaensis P. Ghantaranothai is reduced to a synonym of this species

A phytosociological study of a lowland forest at the Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau.

A  phytosociological study of a lowland forest was carried out at the Tesso Nilo National Park (TNNP), Riau. The objective of the study was to obtain quantitative data on the floristic composition and structure of the above-mentioned lowland forest. By establishing a plot of 1.0 ha, the quadrat method was used to collect the data. We recorded a total of 1,303 individuals of trees and saplings with diameters ≥ 2 cm, comprising 304 species, 153 genera, and 62 families. Using the dominance and density of two tree species, the forest community in the plot can be designated as Sloetia elongata-Pimelodendron griffithianum Association. The species sharing the dominance were Sloetia elongata (Importance Value, IV = 14.43), Pimelodendron griffithianum (IV = 6.17), Santiria laevigata (IV = 5.45) and Xylopia caudata (IV = 5.17). Diameter records showed that 80% of trees in the plot were dominated by small individuals with diameters between 10-30 cm. Trees with diameters 30 cm were Dracaena cf. porteri (diam. 75.6 cm), Artocarpus elasticus (63.3 cm), and Ctenolophon parviflorus (62.1 cm).  Dipterocarp species was not important since they contributed only 4%, while non-dipterocarps shared 96% comprising 61 families. The highest basal area was shared by nine species, including one dipterocarp, Shorea leprosula. Several dipterocarp species occurring in TNNP have been listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, including Anisoptera megistocarpa, Hopea ferruginea, Hopea pachycarpa, Shorea atrinervosa, Shorea faguetiana,   Shorea lepidota and Vatica gamosepala. The presence of a large number of small trees and a few large trees indicated that the forest in the plot was regenerating after heavy disturbances. Regenerating species were divided into five categories, in which 13 species were regenerating well with Sloetia elongata being the best regenerating species while dipterocarps were represented by Shorea acuminata. The occurrence of the majority of trees with a height of 20 m further confirmed the dynamic status of the forest. The importance of primary and secondary forests in TNNP was discussed. Restoration to the original forest was recommended by planting primary forest species, including endemic, rare, and endangered tree species

A STUDY OF THE UNDERGROWTH VEGETATION OF SEMPU ISLAND, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA

SADILI, A. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2016. A study of the undergrowth vegetation of Sempu Island, East Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 15(1): 1 - 9. — A study of forest floor vegetation in coastal forest (site 1) and inland lowland forest (site 2) was carried out at the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, Malang Regency, East Java. The objective of the study is to obtain data on plant species diversity, species composition and structure of the forest floor vegetation. In each site the vegetation was sampled with a plot of 1 m × 50 m, which was divided into 50 subplots of 1 m × 1 m each. Overall from the two plots we recorded 59 species, 57 genera and 39 families. Shannon-Wienner diversity indices (H’) were relatively high. i.e., 4.47 in Plot 1 and 3.2 in Plot 2, with a mean of 3.84. The number of the seedlings of shrubs and trees was greater than that of the herbaceous species. The families having the highest number of species were Euphorbiaceae (6 species) and Fabaceae (5 species). Based on dominant species the vegetation in Plot 1 was designated as Scleria lithosperma-Asystasia nemorum community type, while in Plot 2 Pterospermum javanicum-Knema sp. community type. The similarity index between these community types was only 18%. Only P. javanicum  showed a good regeneration and the regeneration of other species in the two community types was poor, indicating unclear floristic changes in the forest of the Sempu Island

RECOVERY OF A LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST TWENTY TWO YEARS AFTER SELECTIVE LOGGING AT SEKUNDUR, GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL PARK, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

PRIATNA, D.; KARTAWINATA, K.; ABDULHADI, R. 2004. Recovery of a lowland dipterocarp forest twenty two years after selective logging at Sekundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 12 (3): 237–255. — A permanent 2-ha plot of lowland forest selectively logged in 1978 at Sekundur, Gunung Leuser National Park,which is also a Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage Site, North Sumatra,was established and investigated in 1982. It was re-examined in 2000, where remeasurement and reidentification of all trees with DBH =10 cm were made.The areas of gap, building and mature phases of the canopy were also measured and mapped. Within this plot, 133 species, 87 genera and 39 families were recorded, with the total number of trees of 1145 or density of 572.5/ha. Euphorbiaceae was the richest family with 18 species (13.5 % of the total) and total number of trees of 248 (21.7 % of the total or density of 124 trees/ha.The most important families were Dipterocarpaceae with IV (Importance Value) = 52.0, followed by Euphorbiaceae with IV = 51.8. The most prevalent species was Shorea kunstleri (Dipterocarpaceae) with IV =24.4, followed by Macaranga diepenhorstii (Euphorbiaceae) with IV = 12.4. They were the species with highest density, 34 trees/ha and 23.5 trees/ha, respectively. During the period of 18 years there has been no shift in the richest families, most importantfamilies and most important species. Euphorbiaceae was the richest family and Dipterocarpaceae was the most important family, with Shorea kunstleri as the most important species with highest importance value throughout the period. The number of species increased from 127 to 133 with increase in density by 36.8% , from 418.5 trees/ha to 572.5 trees/ha. The mortality was 25.57 % or 1.4 % per year. The diameter class distribution indicated that the forest recovery has not been complete. Trees were small, comprising 67.6 % with diameters of 10-20 cm and only two trees had diameters of 100 cm, i.e.Melanochyla caesia and Lithocarpus urceolaris. Based on the basal area of all species, the logged-over forest at Sekundur is estimated to reach the situation similar to undisturbed primary forest in 56 years after logging, but on the basis of basal area of Dipterocarpaceae such condition could be achieved in 172 years.The canopy has not fully recovered and the complete closure of gaps is estimated to take 53 years since the logging started. The canopy consisted of gap phase (24.6 %), building phase (19.7 %) and mature phase (55.7 %). During the period of 18 years the tree mortality was 25.57 % or the rate of 1.4 %/year.Euphorbiaceae experienced the highest mortality, particularly among the trees with diameters of 10-20 cm.Mortality decreased with the increase of diameters.During the same period 520 new trees of 16 species were recruited.The densities of 53 % of the species experienced changes of only one tree or no changes at all.Drastic increase in tree population occurred in light demanding species,such as Baccaurea kunstleri, Endospermum diadenum,Mallotus penangensis,Sapium baccatum and Macaranga diepenhorstii

Checklist of Plant Species on the Peucang Island (Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve, West Java)

The Peucang Island is situated just off westernmost tip of West Java and is a portion of the Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve.It covers a total area of 450 hectares,comprising the level land and a ridge in the central portion with the highest point of about 30 m above sea level.Geologically this island is composed of Tertiary materials and alluvial materials on southern and eastern coastal areas (Verbeek and Fennema 1896).From the southeastern shore towards the hills, there are three types of soil, i.e. the sandy regosols, the tuffaceous over sandy regosols and the latosolized tuffaceous regosols over podsolized grumusols (Soerianegara 1969)

PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE NATURAL DRY-GRASS COMMUNITIES ON OAHU, HAWAII

Using the Braun-Blanquet and ordination techniques, nine dry-grass community types were recognized on Oahu,seven of which were dominated by exotic grasses and two by native grasses, Hctcrnpogna eontortus and Erarjrostis variabilis.These community types occured in summer-drought, summer-dry and humid climates.The distribution of certain community types could be correlated directly with rainfall and soil pH. In the summer-drought climate the occurrence of the community types was related to topography,wind exposure, rockiness of the land surface and stoniness of the soil.The nine community types were not related to the established soil series, organic matter content and watsr retaining' capacity of the surface soils.Three distinct soil-water regimes were recognized in five community types: drought, dry and wet types.Seasonal variations in soil-water content were correlated closely with the rainfall pattern.The introduction and spread of exotic species resulted in a gradual disappearance of the native grass communities in the summer-drought zone. In the summer-dry zone, Grevillea robiista. trees and Meliiiis minutiflora grass mats were invading the Rhynchelytrum repens community. Artdropogon virginiciis, introduced in 1932, formed a wide spread herbaceous community in the humid zone. In some places, this community was invaded by Dicranopteris linearis fern mats and trees of Acacia, koa or Metrosideros collina. Fire in both the summer-dry and humid zones maintained and extended the grass communities